National security strategy seeks to maintain the survival of the nation-state through use of economic, military and political power and exercise of diplomacy.
An effective national security system (1) translates national strategy into policy options to orchestrate the various factors of national power; (2) allocates priorities and objectives; and (3) selects foreign-policy options within a national strategic framework: these include political and diplomatic, economic and commercial, moral and psychological, geographic and demographic, and cultural and technological factors.
In pursuit of national security objectives modern discourse generally pertains to state power, indicating both economic and military power. Various concepts of political power used are: (a) as a goal of states and/or leaders; (b) as a measure of influence or control over outcomes, events, actors and issues; (c) as reflecting victory in conflict and attainment of security; and (d) as status, which some states or actors possess and other do not.
Power projection is the ability of a state to apply all or some of its elements of national power – political, economic, informational, or military – to rapidly and effectively deploy and sustain forces in and from multiple dispersed locations to respond to crises, to contribute to deterrence, and to enhance regional stability. Any state able to direct its military forces outside the limited bounds of its territory is said to have some level of power-projection capability.
Countries are thus seeking to redesign their strategies by restructuring military forces with an emphasis on strategic and operational mobility. “Hard power” describes the ability of a nation or political body to use economic incentives or military strength to influence other actors’ behaviours. Hard power serves to induce compliance, but also presents some glaring shortcomings with regard to its wielder’s legitimacy and credibility.
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